Ringa mabviro eRupande

[[File:Cake fractions.svg|thumb|right|270px|Zvimedu zviri kubatanidzwa <math>\tfrac12</math> ye[[keke]] ne<math>\tfrac14</math>, zvinoshandurwa zvive ne[[chirevazita]] chimwe]]

Muchidzidzo [[Masvomhu]], shoko rokuti '''Rupande ''' (fraction in English) rinoreva chikamu kubva pane chinhu mhumburu. Rupande  kana rwanyorwa rwunotaura kuti pari kuhwerengedzwa zvikamu zvakaenzana zvingani. Sokuti [[Rupande|mapande]] matatu emana (3/4), Rupande  rumwe rwemaviri (1/2), mapande mana emasere (4/7). Pakunyora kwakapfupiswa tichati 4/7 inonyorwa ichingonzi mana-pausere.

[[Rupande  njee]] rwakafanana nekuti 1/2, 8/5, 4/7 chakaumbwa chiine [[nhamba izere]] pamusoro nenhamba izere pasi. Nhamba yepamusoro inonzi [[mberengi]], iyi nhamba ndiyo inotaura kuti pane zvikamu zvingani zvakaenzana. Nhamba yepasi inonzi [[chirevazita]], iyi nhamba inotaura kuti chinhu chizere ([[mhumburu]]) chakaumbwa nezvikamu zvakaenzana zvingani.

== Kupiwa kwemazita ==

*Shoko reEnglish rokuti '''denominator''' rinoreva '''that which gives a name''' - kuChishona kwapiwa zita rokuti [[Rupande|chirevazita]] - apa tichirevera kuti ndicho chakabata zita rezvikamu zvakaenzana zviri kuverengwa. Paya panonzi ''four-tenths'' ku[[English]] kureva kuti chiro [[mhumburu]] chakakamurwa muzvikamu gumi zvakaenzana - apa '''chirevazita''' igumi rezvikamu zvakaenzana. 
*Saka nhamba yepasi pe[[Rupande]] ndiyo inodudza kuti chiro [[mhumburu]] chakakamurwa kuita zvikamu zvingani zvakaenzana. 
*Shoko re[[English]] rokuti '''numerator''' rinoreva '''that which is counted or the counter''' - saka kuChishona kwapiwa zita rokuti [[mberengi]] - apa kurevera kuti nhamba iyi ndiyo inodudza kuti zvikamu zviri kuverengwa. Paya panonzi '''four-sevenths''' ku[[English]] kureva kuti [[Rupande |mapande]] mana emasere zvakaenzana ndzvo zviri kucherechedzwa.
*Saka nhamba yepamusoro pe[[Rupande]] ndiyo inoverenga kuti tiri kutaura pamusoro pezvikamu zvingani kubva pane zvikamu zvose zvakaumba [[mhumburu]].
*Shoko rokuti [[Rupande  njee]] rinofanana nerekuti ''common fraction'' kuEnglish. Shoko rokuti [[njee]] rinoreva ''common'' kuEnglish.

==Mhando dzeRupande==

'''Rupande  njee nemhando dzacho'''

[[Rupande  njee]] inhamba yakanyorwa sezvinoti '''a/b'''. Apa ''a na b'' dzinenge dziri [[nhamba dzizere]]; '''a''' anonzi [[mberengi]], '''b''' anonzi [[chirevazita]]. Mberengi inotaura kuti pane zvikamu zvakaenzanz zvingani. [[chirevazita]] chinotiudza kuti pane zvikamu zvingani zvakaenzana zvinoumba [[chizere chose]] uye hachifanirwe kuva [[zero]]. Pamuenzaniso 7/3 uye 5/9, mutsetse uri pakati penhamba mbiri unonzi [[mutsetse weRupande]] - ''fractional line''.

Rupande  njee chine mhando mbiri dzinoti [[Rupande rwakafanira]] uye [[Rupande rusakafanira]]. 

*[[Rupande rwakafanira]] rune mberengi diki pane chirevazita. Nokumwe kutaura [[Rupande rwakafanira]] runofanirwa kuva ne[[huhombe]] huri pasi pana 1 (imwe), kureva kuti rupande  urwu rune huhombe huri pakati pa 1 na -1. [[Mberengi]] ne[[chirevazita]] zvinofanirwa kunge zvakakura kudarika [[zero]]. 
*[[Rupande rwakafanira]] ndicho chinonzi '''proper fraction''' kuEnglish.
*[[Rupande rusakafanira]] chine mberengi yakakura hombe kudarika chirevazita. 
*[[Rupande rusakafanira]] ndicho chinonzi '''improper fraction''' kuEnglish.


==[[Rupande Rwakavhengana]]==

Rupande rwakavhengana chinowanikwa panowedzaniswa [[nhamba izere]] ne[[Rupande rwakafanira]]; apa nhamba izere inenge isiri [[zero]]. Somuenzaniso kana kuchitaurwa [[makeke]] maviri pamwe ne[[hafu]] yekeke inonyorwa ichinzi <math>2+\tfrac{1}{2}=2\tfrac{1}{2}</math>.

*[[Rupande rwakavhengana]] ndiro rinonzi '''mixed fraction''' ku[[English]]

Rupande  rwakavhengana imwe nzira yokunyora [[nhamba mhumburu]] ichi[[wedzaniswa]] ne[[Rupande rwakafanira]]. [[Rupande  rwakavhengana]] runokwanisa kushandurwa kuva [[Rupande rusakafanira]] nenzira inotevera:


1. Nyora Rupande  rwakavhengana se[[svomhu]]; sokuti <math>2\tfrac{3}{4}</math> yoshandurwa kuva <math>2+\tfrac{3}{4}</math>.

2. Shandura nhamba izere ive Rupande rusakafanira ruine chirevazita chakaenzana nedivi rine Rupande rwakafanira, <math>\tfrac{8}{4}+\tfrac{3}{4}</math>.

3. Wedzanisa mapande maviri aya. Hwerengedzo inowanikwa ipapa inenge iri [[Rupande rusakafanira]]. Pamuenzaniso wapiwa, <math>2\tfrac{3}{4}=\tfrac{11}{4}</math>.


Zvinogonanwo kuti Rupande rusakafanira rushandurwe kuva Rupande rwakavhengana nenzira inotevera:


1. Gova [[mberengi]] ne[[chirevazita]]. Pamusenzaniso uri pano, <math>\tfrac{11}{4}</math>, [[gova]] 11 na 4. 11 ÷ 4 = 2 uye pane [[musarirwa]] 3.

2. [[Mungani]] (pasina musarirwa) ndiyo nhamba inotaridza divi rine nhamba izere paRupande  rwakavhengana. Musarirwa ndiwo unova mberengi padivi rine [[Rupande rwakafanira]]. Pamuenzaniso wedu, 2 ndiye nhamba izere, 3 ndiye mberengi padivi rine Rupande rwakafanira.

3. chirevazita chitsva chakaenzana nechirevazita che[[Rupande rusakafanira]]. Pamuenzaniso chirevazita ndi 4. Saka <math>\tfrac{11}{4} =2\tfrac{3}{4}</math>.

Rupande rwakavhengana runogona kuva [[nhamba yakademera]] (negative number in English), sezvizvi <math>-2\tfrac{3}{4}</math>, zvichibva zvaenzana sezvizvi <math> -(2+\tfrac{3}{4}) = -2-\tfrac{3}{4}</math>.

'''Zvokucherechedza'''

* Chiri kunzi '''musarirwa''' pano ndicho chinonzi ''remainder'' kuEnglish.
* Chiri kunzi [[mungani]] pano ndicho chinonzi ''quotient'' kuEnglish. Shoko rokuti ''quotient rinoreva how many times''.

\
==Rupande  rweMuravanegumi ==

Shoko rokuti [[Rupande rweMuravanegumi]] riri kuturikira inonzi ''decimal fraction'' ku[[English]]. Tarisai chinyorwa chinonzi [[Rupande rweMuravanegumi]].

==Mamwe Mazwi==

*[[Chibimvu]] (A part) zvimwechete neRupande .
*[[Rupande]] (a portion, piece of anything broken, a chip of wood). Pakuwanda kwonzi [[mapande]] kana [[mhande]].
*''Ruth:3'', .... Echinongeredza kudaro wakaguma ku[[rupande]] rwomunda waBoaz: She happened to be in the '''part''' of the field that belonged to Boaz (kubva mu[[Bhaibheri]] re[[ChiNdau]]).

==Mitauro yeBantu==

*[[VaChewa]] vanoti '''pande''' kana '''mapande''' (a small part of the whole) kureva [[rupande]]. [[VaMaconde]] vanoti '''shipande''' (n. piece; part).
*[[VaSwahili]] ne[[VaGiryama]] vanoti '''upande''' kana '''pande''' (n. part) kureva [[chikamu]]. [[VaSwahili]] vanoti '''kipande''' kana '''vipande''' (Part) kureva [[chikamu]].
*[[VaLenje]] vanoti '''chipande''' (piece; part). [[VaBemba]] vanoti '''cipande''' (n. part, piece) kureva rupande.
*[[VaGungu]] vanoti '''bibiri bya kasatu''' (n. two thirds) kureva zvikamu zviviri pazvitatu.

[[Category:Masvomhu]]